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List
of Medicinal Plants
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Herbs are staging a comeback and herbal
‘renaissance’ is happening all over the globe. Over three-quarters of the world
population relies mainly on plants and plant extracts for health care. More than
30% of the entire plant species, at one time or other, were used for medicinal
purposes. It is estimated that world market for plant derived drugs may account
for about Rs.2,00,000 crores. Presently, Indian contribution is less than
Rs.2000 crores.
It has been estimated that in developed countries such as United States, plant
drugs constitute as much as 25% of the total drugs, while in fast developing
countries such as China and India, the contribution is as much as 80%. Thus, the
economic importance of medicinal
plants is much more to countries such as India than to rest of the world. These
countries provide two third of the plants used in modern system of medicine and
the health care system of rural population depend on indigenous systems of
medicine. Of the 2,50,000 higher plant species on earth, more than 80,000 are
medicinal. India is one of the world’s 12 biodiversity centres with the presence
of over 45000 different plant species. Only 7000-7500 species are used for their
medicinal values by traditional communities.
In India, drugs ofherbal origin have been used in traditional systems of
medicines such as Unani and Ayurveda since ancient times. The Ayurveda system of
medicine uses about 700 species, Unani 700, Siddha 600, Amchi 600 and modern
medicine around 30 species. The drugs are derived either from the whole plant or
from different organs, like leaves, stem, bark, root, flower, seed, etc. Some
drugs are prepared from excretory plant product such as gum, resins and latex.
Even the Allopathic system of medicine has adopted a number of plant-derived
drugs Some important chemical intermediates needed for manufacturing the modern
drugs are also obtained from plants (Eg. diosgenin, solasodine, b-ionone).
List of Medicinal Plants
( Reference: Wikkipedia)
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